Dapper Stored Procedure

Executing Stored Procedures With Dapper

Stored procedures are a great way to encapsulate business logic and reduce the complexity of handling multiple queries. It can also improve performance by optimizing query execution.

Stored procedures also provide better security since they are isolated from the application code, making it harder to manipulate data outside of the stored procedure.
Stored procedures are also easier to maintain since they are centrally located and can be modified from one place.
It helps reduce the chances of duplicate queries and makes it easier to identify errors quickly.

To demonstrate this feature, let's create a simple Customer table:

language-csharp

CREATE TABLE [Customer]
(
    [CustomerID] [INT] IDENTITY(1,1) NOT NULL,
    [FirstName] [VARCHAR](100) NULL,
    [LastName] [VARCHAR](100) NULL,
    [BirthDate] [DATE] NULL
)

We will execute a stored procedure that takes an id parameter and returns the Customer with that particular id. Here is the stored procedure code:

language-csharp

CREATE PROCEDURE GetCustomerById 
    (@id int)  
AS  
BEGIN    
    SELECT * FROM Customer WHERE CustomerID = @id  
END

Now that we have the stored procedure created let's look at how to execute it using Dapper.

To begin with, we need to create a connection.

Next, we need to set up the parameters that will be used to pass values into the stored procedure. We can do this using a DynamicParameters object and adding each parameter's values. In this case, our parameter is an id of type int.

Finally, we can execute the stored procedure using extend methods from Dapper, such as the Execute method and pass in our parameters. In our case, we used the QuerySingleOrDefault method to map the result to a Customer object containing all the data from the retrieved record. Here is an example of how this code might look:

language-csharp

using(var connection = new SqlConnection(connectionString))
{
    //Set up DynamicParameters object to pass parameters  
    DynamicParameters parameters = new DynamicParameters();   
    parameters.Add("id", 1);  
	
    //Execute stored procedure and map the returned result to a Customer object  
    var customer = conn.QuerySingleOrDefault<Customer>("GetCustomerById", parameters, commandType: CommandType.StoredProcedure);
}

You have now successfully executed a stored procedure using Dapper. That example can be expanded to include more complex stored procedures, which may consist of multiple parameters and return a list of objects.

There are two ways to execute stored procedures with Dapper: with the CommandType as Text; or as StoredProcedure.

Dapper CommandType.Text

All DbCommand objects have a CommandType property. By default, this is set to Text. If you want to execute a stored procedure in a SQL statement (text), you use the Execute (or Exec) statement:

language-csharp

var sql = "EXEC GetSalesByYear @BeginningDate, @EndingDate";
var values = new { BeginningDate = "2017-01-01", EndingDate = "2017-12-31" };
var results = connection.Query(sql, values).ToList();
results.ForEach(r => Console.WriteLine($"{r.OrderID} {r.Subtotal}"));

The name of the stored procedure, in this case, is GetSalesByYear. Parameters are supplied as a comma-separated list after the name of the procedure.

Dapper CommandType.StoredProcedure

Dapper provides access to the CommandType property via the commandType parameter included in all the various querying methods provided by Dapper.

The next example is the equivalent to the above, but with the CommandType set to StoredProcedure:

language-csharp

var storedProcedureName = "GetSalesByYear";
var values = new { BeginningDate = "2017-01-01", EndingDate = "2017-12-31" };
var results = connection.Query(storedProcedureName, values, commandType: CommandType.StoredProcedure).ToList();
results.ForEach(r => Console.WriteLine($"{r.OrderID} {r.Subtotal}"));

It's recommand to always set the command type to CommandType.StoredProcedure when using a stored procedure in Dapper for multiple reasons:

Code Clarity: Using CommandType.StoredProcedure communicates the intent of your code more clearly.
Security: By specifying CommandType.StoredProcedure, you are less susceptible to SQL injection attacks because the stored procedure name and parameters are specified separately.
Performance: SQL Server can optimize the execution of stored procedures better than arbitrary SQL statements.
Parameter Handling: Dapper can handle output and return parameters correctly when CommandType.StoredProcedure is used. If you use 'EXEC' with CommandType.Text, you would need to manually handle output and return parameters.

FAQ

How to use a stored procedure in Dapper?

To use a stored procedure, you need to follow these steps:

Create your stored procedure in your database:

CREATE PROCEDURE MyStoredProcedure
AS
BEGIN
    -- Your stored procedure logic here
END

Use a querying or execute method:

using(var connection = new SqlConnection(connectionString))
{
	// Execute the stored procedure
	var result = connection.Query<Customer>(
		"MyStoredProcedure",
		commandType: CommandType.StoredProcedure
	).ToList();
}

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How to use a stored procedure with INPUT parameters in Dapper

To use a stored procedure with input parameters, you need to follow these steps:

Create your stored procedure in your database with input parameters:

CREATE PROCEDURE MyStoredProcedure
    @InputParam1 INT,
    @InputParam2 INT
AS
BEGIN
    -- Your stored procedure logic here
END

Use a querying or execute method with an anonymous types for your parameters

using(var connection = new SqlConnection(connectionString))
{
	// Define parameters including your output parameters
	var parameters = new DynamicParameters();
	parameters.Add("@InputParam1", inputParam1Value);
	parameters.Add("@InputParam2", inputParam2Value);
	
	// Execute the stored procedure
	var result = connection.Query<Customer>(
		"MyStoredProcedure",
		new { InputParam1 = inputParam1Value, InputParam2 = inputParam2Value},
		commandType: CommandType.StoredProcedure
	).ToList();
}

Or create a DynamicParameters object and add parameter to it.

using(var connection = new SqlConnection(connectionString))
{
	// Define parameters including your output parameters
	var parameters = new DynamicParameters();
	parameters.Add("@InputParam1", inputParam1Value);
	parameters.Add("@InputParam2", inputParam2Value);
	
	// Execute the stored procedure
	var result = connection.Query<Customer>(
		"MyStoredProcedure",
		parameters,
		commandType: CommandType.StoredProcedure
	).ToList();
}

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How to use a stored procedure with OUTPUT parameters in Dapper?

To use a stored procedure with an output parameter, you need to follow these steps:

Create your stored procedure in your database with an output parameter:

CREATE PROCEDURE MyStoredProcedure
    @InputParam1 INT,
    @OutputParam2 INT OUTPUT
AS
BEGIN
    -- Your stored procedure logic here
END

Create a DynamicParameters object and add parameter to it. For an output parameter, you must specify ParameterDirection.Output
Use a querying or execute method with your parameters
Retrieve the parameter value from the parameters passed to the stored procedure:

using(var connection = new SqlConnection(connectionString))
{
	// Define parameters including your output parameters
	var parameters = new DynamicParameters();
	parameters.Add("@InputParam1", inputParam1Value);
	parameters.Add("@OutputParam2", dbType: DbType.Int32, direction: ParameterDirection.Output);
	
	// Execute the stored procedure
	var result = connection.Execute(
		"MyStoredProcedure",
		parameters,
		commandType: CommandType.StoredProcedure
	);
	
	// Get the output parameter value
	var outputParam2Value = parameters.Get<int>("@OutputParam2");
	
	// Do something with the output parameter value..
	Console.WriteLine($"Output parameter value: {outputParam2Value}");
}

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How to use a stored procedure to retrieve a returned specific column in Dapper?

To use a stored procedure and retrieve a returned specific column, you have 3 choices:

By mapping returned data to an anonymous type and select your column:

using (var connection = new SqlConnection("connectionString"))
{
    var result = connection.Query("MyStoredProcedure", commandType: CommandType.StoredProcedure).ToList();

    var specificColumnList = result.Select(x => (string)x.MyColumn).ToList();
}

By mapping returned data to a strongly typed object and select your column:

public class MyStoredProcedureResult
{
    public string MyColumn { get; set; }
	
    // Add other properties as needed, to match all columns returned by the stored procedure
}
	
using (var connection = new SqlConnection("connectionString"))
{
    var result = connection.Query<MyStoredProcedureResult>("MyStoredProcedure", commandType: CommandType.StoredProcedure).ToList();

    var specificColumnList = result.Select(x => x.MyColumn).ToList();
}

By using QueryMultiple (Multi-Mapping) and read returned data with an anonymous type or strongly typed object:

using (var connection = new SqlConnection("connectionString"))
{
    using (var multi = connection.QueryMultiple("MyStoredProcedure", commandType: CommandType.StoredProcedure))
    {
        var firstResultSet = multi.Read().ToList();
        var specificColumnFromFirstResultSet = firstResultSet.Select(x => (string)x.MyColumn).ToList();
    }
}

NOTE: All columns are returned from the stored procedure, not only the desired selected column.

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How to use a stored procedure to retrieve a returned scalar value in Dapper?

To use a stored procedure and retrieve a returned scalar value, you need to use the ExecuteScalar method:

CREATE PROCEDURE MyStoredProcedure
AS
BEGIN
    SELECT 1
END

using (var connection = new SqlConnection("connectionString"))
{
    var scalarValue = connection.ExecuteScalar<int>("MyStoredProcedure", commandType: CommandType.StoredProcedure);
    
    Console.WriteLine(scalarValue);
}

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How to use a stored procedure to retrieve multiple returned results in Dapper?

To use a stored procedure and retrieve multiple returned results, you need to use the QueryMultiple method and read every results by either mapping it to an anoymous type or a strongly typed object:

using (var connection = new SqlConnection("connectionString"))
{
    connection.Open();
    using (var results = connection.QueryMultiple("MyStoredProcedure", commandType: CommandType.StoredProcedure))
    {
        // Anonymous Type
        var resultSet1 = results.Read().ToList();
		
        // Strongly Typed Object
        var resultSet2 = results.Read<ResultType2>().ToList();
    }
}
	
public class ResultType2
{
	public int ID { get; set; }
	public string Name { get; set; }
}

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When using a stored procedure, do I need to add 'EXEC' to the command text in Dapper?

You don't need to add EXEC to the command text when specifing the command type to CommandType.StoredProcedure. However, you need add EXEC if you don't specify a command type or you set the command type to CommandType.Text.

With CommandType.StoredProcedure, you don't have to use EXEC:

using (var connection = new SqlConnection("connectionString"))
{
    var result = connection.Query("MyStoredProcedure", commandType: CommandType.StoredProcedure).ToList();
}

With CommandType.Text, you must use EXEC:

using (var connection = new SqlConnection("connectionString"))
{
    var result = connection.Query("EXEC MyStoredProcedure", commandType: CommandType.Text).ToList();
}

With no command type specified, you must use EXEC:

using (var connection = new SqlConnection("connectionString"))
{
    var result = connection.Query("EXEC MyStoredProcedure").ToList();
}

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When using a stored procedure, do I need to add parameter names to the command text in Dapper?

You don't need to add parameter names to the command text when specifing the command type to CommandType.StoredProcedure. However, you need add EXEC and parameter names if you don't specify a command type or you set the command type to CommandType.Text.

With CommandType.StoredProcedure, you don't have to use EXEC:

using (var connection = new SqlConnection("connectionString"))
{
    var parameters = new DynamicParameters();
    parameters.Add("@Parameter1", value1);
    parameters.Add("@Parameter2", value2);
	
    var result = connection.Query("MyStoredProcedure", parameters, commandType: CommandType.StoredProcedure).ToList();
}

With CommandType.Text, you must use EXEC and specify parameter names:

using (var connection = new SqlConnection("connectionString"))
{
    var parameters = new DynamicParameters();
    parameters.Add("@Parameter1", value1);
    parameters.Add("@Parameter2", value2);

    var result = connection.Query("EXEC MyStoredProcedure @Parameter1, @Parameter2", parameters, commandType: CommandType.Text).ToList();
}

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Executing Stored Procedures With Dapper

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